Abbé de Sieyés:
(1748-1836) “What is the third estate?”
Estates
General
Cahiers des doléances
June 17: National
Assembly
June 20: Tennis Court Oath
GREAT FEAR OF JULY 1789
14 July Storming of the Bastille
NATIONAL GUARD
Marquis de Lafayette (1757-1834)
August 23, 1789:
Declaration of
the Rights of Man and Citizen
1. Men are born and remain free
and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general
good.
2. The aim of all political
association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of
man. These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to
oppression.
3. The principle of all
sovereignty resides essentially in the nation. No body nor individual may
exercise any authority which does not proceed directly from the nation.
4. Liberty consists in the
freedom to do everything which injures no one else; hence the exercise of the
natural rights of each man has no limits except those which assure to the other
members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights. These limits can only
be determined by law.
5. Law can only prohibit such
actions as are hurtful to society. Nothing may be prevented which is not
forbidden by law, and no one may be forced to do anything not provided for by
law.
6. Law is the expression of the general
will. Every citizen has a right to participate personally, or through his
representative, in its foundation. It must be the same for all, whether it
protects or punishes. All citizens, being equal in the eyes of the law, are
equally eligible to all dignities and to all public positions and occupations,
according to their abilities, and without distinction except that of their
virtues and talents.
...
9. As all persons are held
innocent until they shall have been declared guilty, if arrest shall be deemed
indispensable, all harshness not essential to the securing of the prisoner's
person shall be severely repressed by law.
(The
Avalon Project http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/rightsof.htm)
Olympie de Gouges (1748-1793): Declaration
of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen
Flight
to Varennes: June 1791
September 1791: Legislative Assembly
JACOBINS
“Breton club”
1790: over
150 clubs
1793: About 6000 clubs
over 500,000
members
Girondins Gironde
Montagnarts
“the Mountain”
Maximilien
Robespierre (1758-1794)
Georges-Jacques Danton (1759-1794)
Talleyrand (1754-1838)
Tuilleries, 10
August 1792
sans-culottes
22 September 1792: the First
Republic
National Convention
LOUIS XVI January 21, 1793 Joseph Ignace
Guillotin
Maximilien
Robespierre (1758-1794)
Committee of Public Safety
Anatole France (1844-1924): The Gods Will Have Blood (1912)
Danton
Olympie de Gouges (1748-1793)
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743-1794)
Condorcet (1743-1794)
THE REPUBLIC OF VIRTUE
Vendée Rebellion
1793
1795 DIRECTORY
Directory
Council of 500
Council of the Ancients
Napoleon Bonaparte
(1769-1821)
1 August 1798: Abú Qír
bay (
Horatio Nelson (1758-1805)
Coup of 18 Brumaire
1799 year 8:
November 9 1799
1801 Concordat with
Pius VII (pope 1800-1823)
1806 Confederation of the Rhine
Italy
Trafalgar 1805
1812 Russian Campaign
1813 near Leipzig: battle of the
nations
1814 Elba
Louis XVIII
1815 “hundred days”
June 18, 1815: Waterloo
St Helen’s
CENTRALIZATION
LEGAL REFORM
Code Napoleon /
Civil Code 1804
LEARNING
and SCIENCE
1799 Rosetta Stone
Ptolemy V Epiphanes (205-180 b.c)
Jean-François Champollion (1790-1832)
1828 Description
of Egypt